According to ICAO, markings on the taxiways and runways are painted in which colors, respectively?

The correct answer focuses on the standardized color scheme established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for airport markings. ICAO stipulates that taxiway markings are painted in yellow, while runway markings are painted in white.

The use of yellow for taxiway markings serves to create a clear visual distinction from runway markings, enhancing safety by helping pilots navigate the airport environment more effectively. White is used for runway markings to ensure high visibility against the asphalt or concrete surfaces typically found at airports, as runways require clear and precise guidance for takeoff and landing operations. By maintaining these color codes, ICAO promotes consistency in airport operations globally, helping to prevent confusion and potential accidents.

This understanding of color coding is essential for flight operations and air traffic management, as it is crucial for pilots and ground personnel to recognize and adhere to these standards during their activities on the airport surface.