An index measuring short-term paying ability is known as?

The acid-test ratio, also known as the quick ratio, is a financial metric that evaluates a company's short-term liquidity by measuring its ability to meet its immediate obligations without relying on the sale of inventory. This ratio is particularly insightful as it focuses on the most liquid assets, which are cash, cash equivalents, and accounts receivable, while excluding inventory.

By providing a clearer picture of a company's financial health in the short term, the acid-test ratio helps stakeholders assess whether a company can cover its current liabilities with its most liquid assets. This is crucial for creditors and potential investors as it indicates the company's financial stability and its capacity to respond to rapid changes in its financial situation.

In contrast, while the current ratio also measures liquidity, it takes into account all current assets, including inventory, which may not be as readily convertible to cash. Profit margin ratio measures profitability rather than liquidity, and receivable turnover assesses how efficiently a company collects its receivables, further distinguishing these measures from the specific focus of the acid-test ratio on immediate payment capability. Thus, the acid-test ratio is the most appropriate choice for measuring short-term paying ability.